/*@jsxRuntime automatic @jsxImportSource react*/ const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = Object.assign({ h2: "h2", blockquote: "blockquote", p: "p", a: "a", ol: "ol", li: "li", h3: "h3", strong: "strong", code: "code", pre: "pre", span: "span", ul: "ul", em: "em" }, _provideComponents(), props.components); return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsx(_components.h2, { children: "前言" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.blockquote, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Docker 版本為 20.10.17" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["這篇文章沒有太多 Docker 的基礎使用方式，主要是官方網站的 ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://docs.docker.com/get-started/", children: "Getting started" }), " 已經提供非常詳盡的基本操作說明，只要照著文件一步一步往下走，是不會遇到太大的問題，也可以先熟悉如何下 Docker 指令。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "內容偏向讀書紀錄，也許會看起來文謅謅的，但這是個人習慣透過反覆咀嚼文字吸收知識，只有這樣才能更了解這個技術的基礎是什麼。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "Docker 簡介" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Docker 的核心稱為 Docker Engine，具有管理 Container 的重要功能，主要由以下三個關鍵要素組成：" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Image（映像檔）：將應用程式透過 Docker 打包產生的檔案，Image 是唯讀的（read only），可被視為一個 Container 的安裝檔，主要功用是用來開啟一個 Container。一個 Image 可建立多個 Container，還可以用建立後的 Container 再去製作一個新的 Image。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Container（容器）：為一個運行中的虛擬主機（VM），在同一台電腦上運作的每一個 Container 都會被指派一個自己的 namespace（命名空間），不同 namespace 的 Container 會互相隔離，擁有完整且獨立的運作環境。可以透過 Docker 指令進行啟動、暫停、刪除，以及修改。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Docker Registries：一個用來存放 Image 的倉庫，由 Docker 官方維護的 Docker Hub 就是最大的 Docker registry，是個類似於 GitHub 可以上傳、下載公開 Image 的系統。若不希望 Image 公開，也可以自己建立一個私有的倉庫來存放。" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Docker 技術終究是一種輕量虛擬機技術，虛擬機技術會使用到本機電腦的硬體資源，根據官方文件所述，Docker 透過 Control Group 的技術來限制、控制、分離每個 Container，也就是劃分疆土的概念。使每個 Container 在運行時彼此是共享同樣的硬體資源，又能任意分配資源，例如可使用的記憶體等等。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "Volumes" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "每個 Container 生成時都會產生新的獨立執行環境，因此若在某個 Container 中進行資料的增刪查改，資料會被儲存在自己的「暫存空間」中，下次即使再用相同的 Image 創建新的 Container 時，資料是無法共用的。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Volumes 是幫助我們解決資料無法持久化保存的機制。透過在 Container 內指定的檔案或資料夾路徑替換成指定的路徑，也能指定一個 Container 作為 Volumes 提供給其他 Container 使用，讓不同的 Container 可以透過共享相同的路徑達到資料共享的效果，對 Volumes 做的任何修改也會即時更新到 Container 身上。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h2, { children: "Dockerfile" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["用來將應用程式建構生成 Image 的", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "腳本指令文件" }), "，在建構執行時 Docker 會逐條執行 Dockerfile 寫好的多個指令。簡單來說就是標準化 Docker commit 執行的動作。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["在 Dockerfile 建構時的每條指令在執行時都會替 Image 添加一層 Layer，若是我們重寫了某些指令並且重新建構，那在進行建構時只會替換有異動的那些 Layer。也因為 Image Layer 的機制，若是有多個套件要安裝，最好用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "&&" }), " 將安裝指令串在一起統一執行，避免衍生出一些問題。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "FROM" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " [--platform=] [AS ]"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# Or" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "3", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " [--platform=] [:] [AS ]"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "4", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# Or" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "5", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " [--platform=] [@] [AS ]"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "6", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# example" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "7", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " ", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token options", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token property", children: "--platform" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "windows/amd64" })] }), " busybox:latest ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "AS" }), " second-stage "] }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["正確的 Dockerfile 指令必須從 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "FROM" }), " 開始建構一個", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "全新的工作階段" }), "，再繼續撰寫指令對該 Image 進行設定。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "< 必填項目 >" }), "：Image 的名稱（或 ID），可以來自本機電腦內或 Docker Hub 上的 Image。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "[ 選填項目 ]" }), " ：有以下幾種可選屬性：", "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "tag" }), "：指定 Image 的版本，預設就是 latest。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "AS " }), " ：將替當前工作階段命名，當我們有多個工作階段要依序執行時很有用。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "--platform=" }), " ：如果 Image 要用於其他架構平台可填，例如 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "linux/amd64" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "linux/arm/v7" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "windows/amd64" }), "，預設是來自 Image 使用的平台。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "WORKDIR" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "WORKDIR" }), " /app"] }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["使用 Dockerfile 時預設的工作路徑是根目錄 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "/" }), "，但打包的檔案建議換到一個自建的全新空目錄，例如 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "/app" }), "。而 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "WORKDIR" }), " 是設定執行 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker build" }), " 與 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker run" }), " 預設工作目錄的指令。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "ARG" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ARG" }), " [=]"] }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["用來宣告一個變數，在工作階段中使用，也可以在 build 時使用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "--build-arg =" }), " 傳遞值。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "< 必填項目 >" }), "：宣告的變數名稱。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "[ 選填項目 ]" }), " ：設定預設值。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["是唯一可以在 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "FROM" }), " 之前定義的指令，但因為不是在工作階段定義，所以只能用在 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "FROM" }), " 身上，若要在後續的工作階段繼續使用則需要再定義一次 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ARG" }), "。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ARG" }), " VERSION=latest"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " busybox:", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token variable", children: "$VERSION" })] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "3", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ARG" }), " VERSION"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "4", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "RUN" }), " echo ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token variable", children: "$VERSION" }), " > image_version"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "5", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# (O) 可以吃到 VERSION，結果為 RUN echo latest > image_version" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "6", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "7", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ARG" }), " VERSION=latest"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "8", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " busybox:", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token variable", children: "$VERSION" })] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "9", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "RUN" }), " echo ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token variable", children: "$VERSION" }), " > image_version"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "10", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# (X) 無法吃到 VERSION，結果為 RUN echo $VERSION > image_version" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["Scope（作用域）：", "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "宣告後才會起作用，宣告前就使用會被視為無效。（example 1）" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["宣告後只會存在於當前工作階段，在多個工作階段使用時需要在每個階段都宣告一次。（example 2）", "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["控制台輸入 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker build --build-arg user=what_user ." })] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# example 1" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " busybox"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "3", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "USER" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token variable", children: "${user:-some_user}" }), " # 此時 user 是 some-user"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "4", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ARG" }), " user"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "5", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "USER" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token variable", children: "$user" }), " # 此時 user 是 what_user"] }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "6", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "7", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# example 2" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "8", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " busybox"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "9", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ARG" }), " SETTINGS"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "10", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "RUN" }), " ./run/setup ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token variable", children: "$SETTINGS" })] }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "11", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "12", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " busybox"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "13", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ARG" }), " SETTINGS # 不同的工作階段要再宣告一次"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "14", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "RUN" }), " ./run/other ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token variable", children: "$SETTINGS" })] }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["宣告的 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ARG" }), " 最終不會保留在 Image 內（也不會產生 Layer）。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "ARG" }), " 與 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ENV" }), " 一起使用時，宣告相同名稱的 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ARG" }), " 值", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "總是會被" }), " ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ENV" }), " 覆蓋過去。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "ENV" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ENV" }), " = ..."] }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["用來指定環境變數，為 Key-Value 的對應關係，允許一次設定多組 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ENV" }), "。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["當 Container 從 Image 生成時，", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ENV" }), " 的變數會保持不變。", "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["這可能會導致一些不想被保留的環境變數影響到 Container，此時建議改用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ARG" }), " 解決。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "相對的，可以確保執行時設定好的環境變數最終保持不變。" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["輸入 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker inspect " }), " 會發現 Dockerfile 寫好的 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ENV" }), " 被保存在 Container 內。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "RUN" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "RUN" }), " "] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "RUN" }), " [", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"executable\"" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"param\"" }), "]"] }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "指定 build 過程中所要執行的指令，例如用來指定套件安裝動作，可以依照依賴項進行逐行安裝，安裝好的套件將可以繼續在 Dockerfile 中使用。" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["如果要看在 build 的過程查看 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "RUN" }), " 執行的結果，在 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker build" }), " 指令後面加上 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "—progress=plain" }), " 。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["最好是指定 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "WORKDIR" }), " 使用。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "CMD" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "CMD" }), " [", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"executable\"" }), ",", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"param1\"" }), ",", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"param2\"" }), "]"] }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "指定啟動 Container 後所要執行的指令，在 build 過程中不會有任何動作。" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["一個 Dockerfile 中只能有一個 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "CMD" }), " 指令。如果出現多個 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "CMD" }), "，則只有最後一個才會生效。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["如果在 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker run " }), " 後面指定參數，那麼會將 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "CMD" }), " 就會覆蓋過去。", "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["例如 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker run myimage cat log.txt" }), " 使用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "cat" }), " 指定印出檔案內容，就會讓寫好的 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "CMD" }), " 失效。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "ENTRYPOINT" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ENTRYPOINT" }), " [", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"executable\"" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"param1\"" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"param2\"" }), "]"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ENTRYPOINT" }), " command param1 param2"] }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["與 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "CMD" }), " 指令相同，指定 Container 啟動後所執行的指令，撰寫多行時，只有最後一行會生效。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "ENTRYPOTION 與 CMD 的互動" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ENTRYPOINT" }), " echo 123"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "CMD" }), " echo 456"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "3", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# ouput 123" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["以 ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "shell" }), " 形式撰寫 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ENTRYPOINT" }), " 時會蓋過 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "CMD" }), " 指令。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker run " }), " 指令後面下的參數會失去功用。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ENTRYPOINT" }), " [", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"echo\"" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"000\"" }), "]"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "CMD" }), " echo 456"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "3", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# 000 /bin/sh -c echo 456" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["以 ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "executable" }), " 形式撰寫 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ENTRYPOINT" }), " 時，會將 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "CMD" }), " 指令當成 ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "parameter" }), " 傳入。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["同理，", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker run " }), " 指令後面下參數也會被當成 ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "parameter" }), " 傳入，並且會把 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "CMD" }), " 覆蓋過去。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "ADD" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ADD" }), " ... "] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ADD" }), " [", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"\"" }), ",... ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"\"" }), "] # 當路徑有空格時用這個寫法"] }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["用來將本機電腦的檔案複製到 Image，用法是從 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "" }), " 複製檔案、目錄或", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "從" }), " ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "URL 下載檔案" }), "，並將它們添加到 Image 的 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "" }), " 路徑。"] }), "\n", _jsx("aside", { children: _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["💡 雖然", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ADD" }), " 可以從 URL 下載檔案，但 ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/dockerfile_best-practices/#add-or-copy", children: "Docker 官方不建議這麼做" }), "，建議改用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "curl" }), " 或 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "wget" }), "。"] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["如果是複製壓縮檔，該壓縮檔可被 Docker 識別時（", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "gzip" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "bzip2" }), " 以及 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "xz" }), "），它會直接被解壓縮出來。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["可以用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "-keep-git-dir=true" }), " 將 Git Repository 複製到 Image 中。", "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["如果是私有庫，可以", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#adding-a-private-git-repository", children: "透過添加 ssh 來訪問該 Repository" }), "。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "FROM" }), " alpine"] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "ADD" }), " ", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token options", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token property", children: "--keep-git-dir" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "true" })] }), " https://github.com/moby/buildkit.git#v0.10.1 /buildkit"] }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.h3, { children: "COPY" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "COPY" }), " ... "] }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "COPY" }), " [", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"\"" }), ",... ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"\"" }), "] # 當路徑有空格時用這個寫法"] }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["功能及語法都與 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "ADD" }), " 雷同，都是將檔案複製到 Image 中。差別在於無法壓縮檔案，無法從 URL 下載檔案。不過 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "COPY" }), " 可用於多工作階段的場景，複製前面工作階段的產物到當前的工作階段。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-docker", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-docker code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# stage 為工作階段名稱" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token instruction", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "COPY" }), " ", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token options", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token property", children: "--from" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "" })] }), " ... "] }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["撰寫好 Dockerfile 後執行指令進行建構，", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "-f" }), " 後面標示 Dockerfile 檔案的所在路徑，不寫代表在當前工作路徑下， ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "-t" }), " 後面表示建構成功後指定一個 tag 給剛剛生成的 image， ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "." }), " 標示在當前路徑下執行。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-bash", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-bash code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line line-number", line: "1", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token function", children: "docker" }), " build ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token parameter variable", children: "-f" }), " ci/Dockerfile ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token parameter variable", children: "-t" }), " my-client ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token builtin class-name", children: "." }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n", _jsx("aside", { children: _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["💡 這種寫法是將 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker build -f" }), " 及 ", _jsx(_components.code, { children: "docker build -t" }), " 寫在一起，build 的同時給予 tag，Docker 會由前至後的依序執行，如果中途有錯誤會跳出並中斷後續執行。"] }) })] }); } function MDXContent(props = {}) { const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = Object.assign({}, _provideComponents(), props.components); return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, Object.assign({}, props, { children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, props) })) : _createMdxContent(props); } return { default: MDXContent };

前端工程師從 1 開始學習 Docker